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ATTI del Terzo Congresso Nazionale di Selvicoltura per il miglioramento e la conservazione dei
boschi italiani |
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doi: 10.4129/CNS2008.076
Citazione
- Citation
Autori - Authors M.
LAUTERI (*) - F. CHIOCCHINI (*) - M. MANIERI (*) - E. BRUGNOLI (*) (*)
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e
Forestale, Porano (TR)
Titolo: CAMBIAMENTI GLOBALI ED APPLICAZIONI DEGLI ISOTOPI STABILI NELLO STUDIO DELL’USO IDRICO IN BIOCENOSI MEDITERRANEE Title:
GLOBAL
CHANGES AND STABLE ISOTOPE APPLICATIONS IN WATER-USE STUDIES ON
MEDITERRANEAN BIOCENOSES
Parole chiave: proiezioni climatiche, desertificazione, biodiversità, efficienza d’uso idrico, isotopi stabili, resilienza ecosistemica, sviluppo sostenibile. Key words: climate change, desertification, biodiversity, water-use efficiency, stable isotopes, ecosystem resilience, sustainable development.
Riassunto
Summary
Stable
isotopes of oxygen, hydrogen and carbon represent powerful physiological
probes and natural tracers in eco-physiological studies related to forest
ecosystems. In relation to the occurring global change, stable isotope
methodologies can provide relevant insights on the adaptive responses of
Mediterranean forests. Oxygen and hydrogen stable isotopes can be used as
natural tracers for studying the sources of water and processes of water
use by plants. Soil water is usually characterized by complex patterns of
isotopic composition (δ18O,
δD) along the soil profile. Both climate and hydrology influence the
isotopic values of different water pools. Therefore the water table and
the waters in the shallow, medium and deep soil layers usually differ in
their isotopic composition. No isotopic effects occur during water uptake
by roots or during xylem transport, so that the isotope composition of
xylem water reflects a weighed average of the different water sources used
by the plant. In contrast, the isotope composition of leaf water is
enriched by evaporative effects that occur during transpiration. Additionally,
information on plant water-use efficiency (WUE) can be provided by means
of carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C)
analyses of plant tissues. Different specific strategies of water use are
likely to result in specific patterns of WUE. The use of multiple isotopic
approach enhances the accuracy in studying the complexity of water-use
strategies at the community level. The effectiveness of the isotopic
approach is shown relatively to previous studies on evolutionary and
adaptive features of Mediterranean forests. The results obtained at the
ecosystem scale encourage the application of the stable isotope approach
to investigate ecological functions at a higher level of biological
organization (the landscape scale).
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