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ATTI del Terzo Congresso Nazionale di Selvicoltura per il miglioramento e la conservazione dei
boschi italiani |
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doi: 10.4129/CNS2008.083
Citazione
- Citation
Autori - Authors A. Franceschini (*) - S. Longo (**) - S. Moricca (***) (*) Dipartimento di Protezione delle Piante, Università degli Studi di Sassari (**) Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Fitosanitarie, Università degli Studi di Catania (***)
Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Agrarie, Università degli Studi di Firenze
Titolo: Avversità biotiche e mutamenti climatici in ambienti forestali Title:
Biotic
adversities and climate change in forestry
Parole chiave: clima, patogeni, fitofagi, boschi mediterranei. Key words: climate, pathogens, pests, Mediterranean woods.
Riassunto
Summary In
recent years there has been a resurgence of attacks from parasites in
Mediterranean forest stands. This is in response to climate change that
essentially led to an increase in average temperatures and an altered
pattern of annual rainfalls. These conditions on the one hand caused water
stress to plants, limiting their tolerance to adverse factors, on the
other have influenced the bio-ecology of many parasites, increasing their
harmfulness. Indeed, while some phytopathogenic fungi were restricted in
their spread by rain scarcity, many others have found optimal conditions
for gradually extending their range and causing epidemics. Climatic
changes have also favoured the spread of exotic pathogens and pests. The
insects, that are poikilotherms like fungi, were influenced by climatic
conditions either directly, as concerns the survival of a greater number
of individuals, either indirectly, through the changes induced in host
phenology; the interactions among pests and their competitors, limiters
and mutualists were also impacted. A remarkable importance have taken
fungi and insects involved as opportunists in the aetiology of those
decline phenomena that are causing plant deaths in Mediterranean woods for
a long time now. The growing occurrence of these events, induced by
various adverse factors, related to the stand or depending on
anthropogenic influences, triggered by various types of stresses, and
worsened by attacks from other parasites, requires the set up of
monitoring networks in order to: -identify declined or declining forests;
-promptly detect possible introductions of non-native parasites; -devise
forecasting models for expected attacks; -define appropriate control
measures.
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