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ATTI del Terzo Congresso Nazionale di Selvicoltura per il miglioramento e la conservazione dei
boschi italiani |
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doi: 10.4129/CNS2008.087
Citazione
- Citation
Autori - Authors BONELLO
P. - Department
of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State
University, Columbus, USA
Titolo: Meccanismi
di resistenza delle piante arboree a patogeni e insetti: quali lezioni per
la selvicoltura moderna? Title:
Resistance
mechanisms to pathogens and insects in woody plants: Are there lessons to
be learnt for modern silviculture?
Parole chiave: resistenza, teorie della difesa, interventi selvicolturali, insetti, patogeni. Key words: resistance, defense theories, silvicultural measures, insects, pathogens.
Riassunto
Summary In
natural environments, ecosystem stability appears to be the norm, despite
the constant presence of arthropods and pathogens capable of killing their
host plants. It is likely that the adaptive plasticity of trees, which
includes inducible resistance mechanisms against attacking organisms,
plays a crucial role in these interactions.
It has been hypothesized that systemic induced resistance
represents a common and important phenomenon in forest trees, one that
allows for balanced partitioning of available resources between growth and
defense. Such physiological tradeoffs are undoubtedly affected by
environmental variables such as resource availability (nutrients, water,
light) and thus by silvicultural activities that can significantly affect
such variables.
The approaches used for the silvicultural control of pathogens and
insects are fundamentally centered around the concepts of tree stress and
vigor, under the assumption that plants characterized by higher vigor are
also those less stressed and thus more resistant. These approaches have
led to silvicultural measures characterized by high levels of
unpredictability. The goal of this presentation is to propose working
hypotheses, based on current knowledge of resistance mechanisms, that may
explain, at least in part, the variability and unpredictability of forest
responses to silvicultural measures aimed at controlling deleterious
organisms. Only a synthesis of knowledge in the areas of plant defense and
silvicultural principles will lead to formulate rational control measures
characterized by predictability of the intended results.
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